Iceland’s unique spot on the map might have you wondering, “What continent is Iceland on?” Considering that this island country is situated in a distinct geographical location, straddling the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates, it’s no surprise that many people are confused about which continent Iceland belongs to.
Read on to discover more about Iceland’s unique geography and the best places to experience it.
Iceland Geographical Location
Technically speaking, Iceland is a part of both North America and Europe in geographic. This small island sits right on top of the divide between the North American and European tectonic plates, with the exact location of the fissure between the two situated just outside of the capital city, Reykjavik.
Sitting on top of the Mid Atlantic Ridge, these tectonic plates are pulled apart several centimeters every year.
This location also explains the country’s high volcanic activity as magma from the earth’s core bubbles up as the plates separate.
Iceland also happens to be sitting right on top of a mantle plume, an area where a concentration of magma pushes closer to the earth’s surface.
Iceland is also a fairly remote location, situated just south of the Arctic Circle and surrounded by the North Atlantic Ocean, it’s far from both mainland Europe and North America.
Is Iceland Part of Europe or North America?
Iceland is part of Europe. Despite its location on both the North American plates and Eurasian tectonic plates, Iceland is officially a European country. Politically speaking, Iceland was a part of Denmark until 1918 and retained its status as a European country afterwards.
Although Iceland is a part of the European Economic Area, some things are different for this island country compared to others in Europe. Unlike other Nordic countries (aside from Norway), Iceland is not a part of the EU. Iceland also has its own form of currency, the Icelandic Króna.
Because Iceland was a part of Denmark for so long, the country has been heavily influenced by Scandinavia. Iceland also shares the common denominator of Viking heritage, another likeness with its Scandinavian neighbors.
Top Spots to Observe Iceland’s Geographical Features
If you would like to take a look at the geographical feature in Iceland yourself, these are some places you might want to see and go when visiting Iceland:
1.Þingvellir National Park
Located just 45 minutes outside of Reykjavik along the famous Golden Circle, Þingvellir National Park is the best location in the country to see the north american tectonic plate and european tectonic plates pulling apart. Visitors can walk between parts of the fissure, seeing the moving plates up close. It’s even possible to scuba dive and snorkel between the plates at the Silfra Fissure.
This area is also one of the most important historic areas in the entire country and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The word þingvellir actually translates to “Assembly Plains”. The area near the Öxara River was a crucial meeting ground for the Alþing, Iceland’s national parliament that was founded in 930 CE. This council was known for being a place for freedom of speech and many important decisions about Iceland’s future were made here.
2.Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Volcanic Activity
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge and pulling apart of the tectonic plates means that Iceland has a high amount of volcanic activity. That being said, there are about 130 volcanoes around the country.
Hekla, Katla, and Eyjafjallajökull are the most well known, although Öræfajökull is the tallest at just under 6,922’ tall. Visitors can see volcanoes on a simple road trip, or seek them out specifically. Snæfellsjökull is another popular volcano, made famous by the novel “Journey to the Center of the Earth” and easily accessible from Reykjavik on the Snæfellsnes Peninsula.
Who knows, maybe your trip will even line up with a small eruption so that you can see the lava flows in action!
3. Lava Fields and Geothermal Areas
Because of Iceland’s high volcanic activity, lava flows and geothermal areas are scattered around the country. One of the best geothermal areas to visit if you’re looking to see geysirs is the Haukadalur Valley where the geysers, Geysir and Strokkur, can be found. The Seltun geothermal area on the Reykjanes Peninsula is another highlight with steam vents, mud pots, and fumaroles that visitors can see from elevated walking paths.
For hot springs, Iceland has plenty of naturally heated pools. Laugarvatn and Landmannalaugar, are both great spots to seek out, although you’re spoiled for choice and you can find hot springs in almost every area of Iceland. Manmade hot springs that have harnessed the power of the area’s geothermal activity include the Myvatn Nature Baths, Blue Lagoon, and the Sky Lagoon, all of which are worth a stop.
Iceland’s lava fields were formed from volcanic eruptions, some occurring as recently as 2024. The largest lava field in the country, Eldhraun, was created in the 1700’s by the Laki eruption and spans over 220 square miles. Holuhraun is the second largest lava field at 32 square miles. The Berserkjahraun Lava Field also makes for a unique lava field to visit as moss and lichen have begun to cover the lava rock.
Why Self-Driving is the Best Way to Explore Iceland
Convenience and Flexibility
Firefly Iceland Car Rental offers inexpensive rates, reliable vehicles, airport pickup, and knowledgeable representatives so that the only thing you’ll need to do is get yourself to Iceland and start heading down the road.
Renting a car and doing a self-drive road trip around Iceland is one of the best ways to experience all the country has to offer geographically. You’ll move at your own pace, giving yourself plenty of time to discover off the beaten path locales and hidden gems, along with the country’s most-visited destinations too, of course!
Starting Your Journey
Begin your own journey, exploring Iceland’s incredible geography, by picking up your rental car at the Keflavik International Airport. Firefly Iceland Car Rentals makes it very easy to arrive and immediately have your own set of wheels by grabbing a rental car at the airport.
Whether you want to see the tectonic plates pulling apart with your own eyes or you want to explore the rugged Highlands you can’t go wrong with beautiful adventures. Read our full guide to planning your own five day self-drive itinerary through Iceland.
Conclusion
Iceland’s location on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and its blend of North American and European elements make it a truly unique destination. With its volcanic landscapes, geothermal wonders, and rich cultural and geological history, Iceland offers a one-of-a-kind experience.
Over the course of millions of years, the island’s lava fields and volcanic activity have shaped its dramatic scenery. To experience this unique destination, try traditional Icelandic dishes and products, including dairy products from local farms.
Book your rental car with Firefly Iceland Car Rental today and get started planning your journey around Iceland.
